SIRI 6: KANDUNGAN CAMPHOR DALAM ESSENTIAL OIL
Updated: 19 Mei 2019
Camphor merupakan sejenis sebatian kimia semulajadi yang banyak ditemui dalam essential oil. Sesetengah essential oil mengandungi sedikit sahaja camphor, dan kandungan mereka dalam essential oil adalah tidak signifikan.
Camphor adalah sejenis monoterpene beroksigen. Is berwarna putih dan putih jernih dengan bau yang kuat. Camphor boleh dikesan dalam darah seawal 20 minit jika tertelan. Ia juga boleh memasuki salur darah melalui sedutan dan melalui kulit. Camphor menyebabkan iritasi pada sistem pencernaan dan sistem saraf utama jika terlebih dos dan menyebabkan muntah-muntah, kekejangan dan sawan [1]. Edible camphor memberikan kesan oksidatif kepada tisu dalam kajian ke atas tikus [2]
Terdapat beberapa laporan kes kesan advers penggunaan bahan mengandungi camphor kepada kanak-kanak [3,4] Terdapat laporan kes sawan kerana penggunaan minyak sage pada bayi berusia 33 hari [5] dan minyak thuja ke atas bayi berusia 7 bukan [6] disebabkan kehadiran camphor yang tinggi di dalam minyak tersebut. Terdapat banyak lagi laporan keracunan camphor yang tidak dapat dibincangkan dalam ruangan yang terhad ini. Camphor dilaporkan menyebabkan sawan serendah 30 mg per kg berat badan bagi orang dewasa. FDA mencadangkan penggunaan selamat produk mengandungi camphor hedaklah di bawah 11% bagi orang dewasa [7]. Pada pendapat peribadi penulis, elakkan sebarang produk mengandungi camphor sebelum bayi mencapai usia 2 tahun dan pastikan produk mengandungi camphor kurang dari 11% apabila berusia lebih 2 tahun.
Walaupun pokok yang menghasilkan essential oil adalah dari spesis tumbuhan yang sama, kandungan camphor adalah berbeza-beza mengikut lokaliti. Contohnya, di tanam di negara berbeza, sumber tanah dan air berbeza, cahaya matahari yang diterima dan pada bulan bilakah ia dituai. Untuk essential oil yang diketahui mengandungi camphor, maklumat analisis kimia adalah perlu bagi memastikan berapakan kandungan camphor pada satu-satu batch pengeluaran.
Berikut saya senaraikan beberapa essential oil yang mengandungi camphor melebihi 10% dalam essential oil yang tidak dicairkan. Kandungan essential oil yang dicairkan bergantung kepada peratusan pencairan.
Thuja (Tetraclinis articulata) = daun segar (1.7%), daun kering (20.1%) [8]
Sage (Salvia officinalis) = 23.76% [9], 24.95 [10] 13.7-37.8% [11] , 15.9-16.2% [12]
Peppermint (Mentha pipertia) = 20.64% [13]
Moroccan chamomile (Cladanthus mixtus) = 21.36 % [14]
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) = 13.55-18.13 % (Tunisia) [15] , 15.65% (Spain) [10] , 26 % [16] , 41-53% (Morocco) [17] , 34.81% (Cuba)[18] , 13-31% (Hungary) [19]
American basil (Ocimum americanum) = 51.4-38.9% [20-21]
Black cumin (Bunium persicum) = 10.43% [22]
Cinnamomum camphors (L.) Nees = 68.3 % [23]
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) = 15% [24]
Lavender (Lavendula spp) = 25% (France), 13.7 % (Spain) [25]
Kapur barus/camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) = daun (18.5%), batang (13.2%) [26] 71.2 % [27]
Spanish sage (Salvia lavandifolia) = 39% [28]
Tagoltamte (Salvia aucheri Boiss. var. mesatlantica Maire) = 49-51% (Morocco) [29]
Bunga kekwa (Chrysanthemum coronarium ) = 25% [30]
Lavender cotton (Santolina chamaecyparissus L.) = 11.7 % [31]
Achillea cretica = 67.5-38.9% [32]
Achillea millefolium L = 19.2 % [33]
Achillea tenuifolia Lam = 36.9 % [34]
White wormwood (Artemisia Herba alba) = 15.96% [35]
Common worm wood (Artemisia absinthum) = (21.2-28.3%) [36]
PhD (Natural Product Chemistry)
Rujukan:
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